For the past year, workers have been busy transforming a disused plot of land down the hill from Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's office into a park showcasing his political vision.
The 48-hectare Friendship Square is rich in symbolism promoting unity: A fountain syncs with the patriotic hit song "Ethiopia" and an elevated speaker's platform is flanked by 76 araucaria trees -- one for each ethnic group represented in the upper house of parliament.
Yet one year after Abiy won the Nobel Peace Prize, there are mounting worries this unity message is ringing hollow.
Grisly inter-ethnic violence persists, especially in Abiy's home Oromia region.
And several opposition leaders have been locked up on terrorism charges, casting doubt on whether landmark elections expected next year will represent a true break with Ethiopia's authoritarian past.
Amid the turbulence, Abiy has paid careful attention to Friendship Square, often visiting the site late at night to take stock of progress, according to aides.
His press secretary Billene Seyoum said the park and other beautification sites in Addis Ababa are "representations of how fast we can engage in projects, turn them around and deliver them for public utilisation".
That approach, though, echoes former Ethiopian leaders who rushed to put their stamp on the capital, shunting aside other voices, said Biruk Terrefe, a researcher at Oxford who has studied Abiy's development ambitions.
"The decision-making around these urban projects has been reminiscent of past administrations. Many of the city's urban planners were sidelined."
Abiy was appointed prime minister in 2018 after years of anti-government protests and his 2019 Nobel win seemed to briefly revive the "Abiymania" of his first months in office.
But two weeks later, security woes began to resurface.
Jawar Mohammed, a former media mogul and one-time Abiy ally, accused the government of trying to orchestrate an attack against him.
The claim sparked anti-Abiy protests in Addis Ababa that descended into inter-ethnic violence and left scores dead throughout Oromia.
The incident highlighted divisions between Abiy, Ethiopia's first Oromo leader, and Oromo nationalists like Jawar who say the PM is a poor champion of their interests.
More recently, Oromo pop star Hachalu Hundessa was shot dead in June, sparking further unrest that claimed more than 160 lives in Oromia and Addis Ababa.
More than 9,000 people were rounded up in mass arrests, including opposition leaders like Jawar and Bekele Gerba.
Their supporters took to the streets to denounce their arrests, prompting security forces to take drastic action, with deaths reported in 13 locations in Oromia over a spate of just a few days in August, according to the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission.
The Nobel primarily honoured Abiy's push for peace with neighbouring Eritrea, which had been a sworn enemy of Ethiopia's since a brutal border war broke out in 1998.
Abiy maintains warm public relations with Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki, but attempts to build on their rapprochement have been complicated by the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), which dominated Ethiopian politics before Abiy and remains in command in Ethiopia's northern Tigray region.
Long hostile towards Isaias, TPLF leaders are now openly feuding with Abiy too, complaining his government has scapegoated them for all the country's problems.
The dispute reached a new low last month when Tigray went ahead with regional elections, ignoring a federal decision to postpone all voting because of the coronavirus pandemic.
Tigrayan officials say they now view Abiy -- whose mandate would have expired this week had lawmakers not extended it because of the pandemic -- as an illegitimate leader.
Security still a priority
These divisions aside, Abiy continues to champion his "Medemer" (Amharic for synergy) philosophy spelt out in a 2019 book and sees beautification and development projects as an important way to do that.
In addition to Friendship Square, his government recently opened Entoto Park, a sprawling complex in the Addis Ababa hills complete with a spa, "glamping" tents, stables and a go-kart track, along with restaurants and jogging and cycling trails.
Foreign tourists are an obvious target for the projects in Addis Ababa, but officials say all Ethiopians stand to benefit, while pointing to additional projects planned outside the capital.
Billene, Abiy's press secretary, rejected claims from opposition politicians that the projects were a distraction from Ethiopia's political and security issues.
"No one said it's a priority over human security, over rule of law," she said. "These are things that are being done in parallel."
State media has lately taken to showing drone footage of the projects at the top of the evening news.
"It's hard to tell where the public stands on these projects," Biruk said.
