US special climate envoy John Kerry told AFP that the world's population will not be tenable in 2050, when it is projected to hit nearly 10 billion, but refrained from asking Americans to give up steaks.
Since November, the global population has officially crossed eight billion, more than three times the figure in 1950.
This has already stretched food and energy needs and supplies. UN projections say the figure will balloon to 9.7 billion in the middle of the century.
"I don't think it's sustainable personally," he said in an interview on Tuesday.
"We need to figure out how we're going to deal with the issue of sustainability and the numbers of people we're trying to take care of on the planet."
Global warming is exacerbating the problem. The landmark 2015 Paris Agreement calls for capping global warming at "well below" two degrees Celsius and 1.5C if possible.
Cattle rearing for human consumption, food waste and deforestation further contribute to warming, which in turn is responsible for droughts, flooding and extreme weather conditions.
"I've been to a number of African countries where they're very proud of their increased birth rate but the fact is, it's unsustainable for life today, let alone when you add the future numbers," Kerry said.
"I'm not recommending the population go down," the 79-year-old added. "I think we have the life we have on the planet. And we have to respect life and we could do it in so many better ways than we're doing now."
Experts say Africa is one of the regions worst affected by climate change, with devastating droughts and flooding, although its citizens have had barely any impact on global warming compared to Western nations.
Avoiding air travel, consuming less meat and improving insulation of homes are all changes that can help protect the environment.
According to a report published by Norway's environment agency Friday, the country could reduce an equivalent of 4.5 million tonnes of carbon emissions between 2024-2030 if its population of 5.5 million followed nutrition guidance by health authorities.
That guidance would see the biggest meat eaters reduce their intake to under 500 grams of red meat per week.
"I think that those choices are up to people on their own, what they want to do, how they want to do it," he said.
"What I would recommend is that we change our practices of how we feed livestock and what we feed them and how we use farming," he said referring to new technologies in farming that reduce the negative impacts to the environment.
The former secretary of state under Barack Obama, who lost the 2004 presidential election to George W. Bush, rejected the notion of prescribed, top-down changes to everyday life as a solution to the world's challenges.
"I don't think you have to ask for a sacrifice of lifestyle in order to accomplish what we need to do," Kerry said.
"I think you can have a better lifestyle, and you can eat better food and we can feed more people if we stop wasting as much food as we waste."
