Myanmar's junta late Sunday imposed martial law in two densely populated Yangon townships after at least 18 protesters were killed in one of the deadliest days since the February 1 coup.
Sunday's violence brings the number of people killed in mass protests since the military wrenched civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi from power to around 100, though activists and rights groups believe it could be higher.
The junta has repeatedly justified its power grab by alleging widespread electoral fraud in November's elections, which Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party won by a landslide.
State-run media announced late Sunday that Yangon's massive Hlaing Tharyar township and the neighbouring Shwepyitha township will be placed under martial law.
The junta "gives administrative and judicial martial law power to the Yangon regional commander... to perform security, maintain the rule of law and tranquillity more effectively," said an announcer on state-run TV.
Soldiers and police have in recent weeks been staging near-daily crackdowns against demonstrators calling for a return to democracy, using tear gas and firing rubber bullets and live rounds to quell anti-coup protests.
In Hlaing Tharyar township police and soldiers clashed violently, with protesters wielding sticks and knives and rushing for protection behind makeshift barricades.
Protesters using cut-out trash cans as shields managed to rescue some demonstrators wounded when the security forces opened fire, but a doctor said not all could be reached.
"I can confirm 15 have died," the doctor told AFP , adding that she had treated about 50 people and expects the death toll to climb.
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners monitoring group — which verifies arrests and fatalities since the coup — gave a higher death toll.
Residents hiding at home heard gunshots continuously throughout the day, while military trucks were seen driving through the smoky streets.
The United Nations' envoy for Myanmar strongly condemned the bloodshed, stating that the international community, "including regional actors, must come together in solidarity with the people of Myanmar and their democratic aspirations."
Envoy Christine Schraner Burgener said in the statement that she had heard "heart-breaking accounts of killings, mistreatment of demonstrators and torture of prisoners" from contacts in Myanmar.
The ongoing brutality "severely undermines any prospects for peace and stability" in the country, she said.
A statement signed by British ambassador Dan Chugg called for an "immediate cessation" of violence and for the regime to return power to the elected civilian officials.
Hours before violence erupted in Hlaing Tharyar a police officer posted a TikTok video saying in a voiceover that security forces would be bringing heavy weaponry into the township.
"I will not have mercy on Hlaing Tharyar and they will fight back seriously too because there are all kinds of characters there," said the officer under the account @aungthuraphyo40.
The video, which was seen and verified by AFP fact checkers, was removed hours later.
Among the burned buildings were Chinese-owned factories, Beijing's embassy in Myanmar said. It condemned actions of the "destroyers" in a statement posted on their official Facebook account.
The embassy "quickly urged local police to guarantee the security of Chinese businesses and personnel," it said.
The evening news in Yangon confirmed a death in Tamwe township, saying that security forces opened fire when hundreds of protesters tried to torch a police station.
Elsewhere a man was shot dead in northern Hpakant city, and a woman was killed from a headshot in Mandalay.
"I've seen the fallen heroes give their lives," said 21-year-old Ma Khine Lay, admitting she was afraid even as she rebuilt barricades out of bricks and bamboo poles in a Yangon township.
'Darkest moment of the nation'
A group of elected MPs, many of whom are in hiding, have formed a shadow "parliament" called the Committee for Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) — the Burmese word for the country's governing bloc.
They issued a statement saying protesters had the "full right to defend themselves" under the country's penal code against security forces.
Their acting vice president on Saturday called for the people to continue protesting against the "unjust dictatorship".
"This is the darkest moment of the nation and the light before the dawn is close," said Mahn Win Khaing Than, a high-ranking NLD politician reportedly under house arrest, in a video posted on the CRPH's Facebook page.
His Saturday address echoed the anti-coup movement's calls for a "federal democracy" -- which would allow ethnic minority groups to have a role in Myanmar's governance.
"The uprising must win," he said.
The junta has said the CRPH's formation is akin to "high treason" which carries a maximum sentence of 22 years in jail.
