US President Donald Trump on Wednesday pardoned 73 people, including his former aide Steve Bannon and the rapper Lil Wayne, just hours before he was due to leave office.
The list of those pardoned -- as well as 70 people whose sentences were commuted -- was likely to draw allegations of cronyism, at the end of a term during which the president promised to "drain the swamp" of Washington politics.
However, neither Trump nor his relatives were listed, amid speculation he could use the legally dubious tactic of a preemptive pardon to fend off future charges.
Bannon -- who was Trump's campaign manager during the 2016 election, before becoming a senior adviser to the president -- left the White House acrimoniously in 2017, Trump later giving him the derogatory moniker "Sloppy Steve."
Last year he was charged with one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, over funds raised to build the Mexico border wall, a flagship Trump policy.
But Wednesday's statement, announcing his pardon, read: "Mr. Bannon has been an important leader in the conservative movement and is known for his political acumen."
US media earlier reported that the president made his last-minute decision after speaking to Bannon by phone.
Former Trump fundraiser Elliott Broidy was similarly pardoned, after pleading guilty last year to conspiring to violate foreign lobbying laws.
And the rapper Lil Wayne, who faced 10 years in jail after pleading guilty to possession of a firearm and ammunition by a convicted felon last month, also made the list.
The star, listed as Dwayne Michael Carter Jr., had shown "generosity through commitment to a variety of charities, including donations to research hospitals and a host of foodbanks," the release added.
Another rapper, Kodak Black, was granted clemency after being jailed for making a false statement on a federal document, while disgraced Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick -- sentenced in 2013 to 28 years in a federal prison on corruption and extortion charges -- was also pardoned.
Some lesser-known individuals were also pardoned, among them Steve Bowker.
"Nearly 30 years ago, Mr. Bowker pled guilty to a violation the Lacey Act, which prohibits trafficking in wildlife, when he arranged for 22 snakes owned by Rudy "Cobra King" Komarek to be transported to the Miami Serpentarium," the statement read.
"Although he did not ask for any animals in return, he was offered 22 American alligators. After pleading guilty, Mr. Bowker was sentenced to probation."
Other pardons included people facing long sentences over low-level offenses, whose cases have been championed by criminal justice advocates.
Wednesday's announcement came after another raft of pardons late last year, including of Trump allies Michael Flynn, Paul Manafort, Roger Stone, George Papadopoulos and Alex Van Der Zwaan.
All five had pleaded guilty or were convicted at trial as a result of special counsel Robert Mueller's probe into whether the Trump campaign conspired with Russia during the 2016 election.
Such sweeping acts of mass clemency are a presidential tradition dating all the way back to George Washington.
While in office, Bill Clinton pardoned his half-brother, Roger Clinton, who had been convicted of cocaine possession, and Marc Rich, a billionaire and major donor to the Democratic Party who had been convicted of tax evasion.
Barack Obama commuted the 35-year sentence of Chelsea Manning, a US Army private who had been convicted of providing classified material to WikiLeaks.
President-elect Joe Biden, who beat Trump in last year's election, was due to be sworn in as his successor later Wednesday.
Until then, the incumbent retains the power to issue further pardons.
Trump was due to skip the inauguration ceremony, in a stark break from presidential tradition, flying straight from the White House to his Florida home.
Having spent weeks claiming -- without evidence -- that the election was stolen from him, he was yet to personally congratulate Biden on his win, and had not invited him for a customary visit to the Oval Office.
Tensions have soared of late on Capitol Hill, where the Senate is expected to soon put Trump on trial following his record second impeachment by the House of Representatives over a riot by his supporters in the Capitol building.
The spectacle will clash with the opening days of Biden's tenure, as the new president seeks to swiftly confirm his Cabinet picks and push through aggressive legislation including a $1.9 trillion package to rescue an economy buffeted by the coronavirus pandemic.
