As Kenya edges closer to the 2027 General Election, the conversation on electoral integrity must move beyond ballots and technology to a more fundamental pillar of democracy: security.
At the heart of this is the command structure of the National Police Service (NPS), which, if empowered , could determine whether the country experiences a peaceful democratic transition or revives the ghosts of contested past elections.
The NPS, the country’s largest security organ, is tasked with maintaining law and order and safeguarding life and property. With a police-to-population ratio currently estimated at roughly 1:531, the service faces immense expectations.
The 2010 Constitution deliberately placed the NPS under the independent command of the Inspector-General, insulating policing from political interference. This was a direct response to the failures witnessed during the 2007 elections, when weak command structures and external interference contributed to a catastrophic breakdown in law and order. The consequences were severe, culminating in violence that scarred the nation and drew international scrutiny.
Command in a disciplined service is a clear, hierarchical flow of authority that ensures orders are executed with precision and speed. From the IG down to the police constables, the NPS operates within a defined chain of 14 ranks, each with distinct responsibilities and authority. This structure is the backbone of operational efficiency, especially in high-stakes environments like elections.
Yet, as Kenya approaches another electoral cycle, the independence of this command structure faces subtle but persistent threats.
Political transitions, institutional rivalries and competing interests often intensify in pre-election periods, creating pressure points that can erode command clarity. History shows that even minor intrusions, such as irregular transfers, conflicting directives, or external influence can trigger disproportionate consequences on the ground.
The stakes in 2027 are particularly high. The current IG, Douglas Kanja, is expected to be at the helm during the elections, carrying both constitutional authority and public expectation. His track record has already placed him in the national spotlight. But past performance, while instructive, is no guarantee of future stability. What matters now is whether the institutional environment will allow him and the NPS to function without interference.
Preparations for election security are a process. Effective policing of elections begins years in advance, with threat assessments, deployment planning, resource mobilisation and inter-agency coordination. By this stage in the electoral cycle, critical decisions around recruitment, training and deployment should already be underway.
Experienced commanders must be given time to understand their areas of responsibility, assess local risks and build operational cohesion with their teams. Frequent or politically motivated reshuffles at this stage would undermine preparedness and weaken response capacity.
The broader security ecosystem also has a role to play. Institutions such as the National Police Service Commission, the Independent Policing Oversight Authority and the Ministry of Interior must exercise restraint in matters that touch on command and deployment. Oversight is essential, but it must not morph into interference. The constitutional design is clear that though accountability mechanisms exist, the ultimate command responsibility rests with the IG.
This clarity of roles is a safeguard against the diffusion of responsibility. In the event of a security failure during elections, the public must know where accountability lies. Diluting command authority through overlapping mandates or external pressure risks creating a vacuum where no one is fully responsible, and everyone is partially to blame.
Kenya has made significant strides in police reforms since 2010, transforming the force into a service and strengthening its legal and institutional frameworks. But reforms are only as strong as their implementation. As 2027 approaches, the real test will be whether the country can uphold the principles it has enshrined on paper.
If Kenya is to avoid the mistakes of its past and build confidence in its electoral future, it must start by supporting the one institution tasked with keeping the peace.
Mr Kinuthia is the former chairperson of the National Police Service Commission. The Public Editor’s column resumes next week.
