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Led by the Kenyan Canadian Association, the diaspora is pushing for a repeal of the Elections Act to create 15 dedicated constituencies.
In Toronto, Canada
With roughly 20 months to Kenya’s next General Election, Kenyans living abroad are mounting a renewed push for full political inclusion — calling for dedicated parliamentary
seats and a secure voting system that would allow them to participate beyond the presidential ballot.
At the centre of the proposal is a plan to establish about 15 diaspora constituencies mapped to global regions, with each constituency electing one Member of the National
Assembly and one Senator. Backers say bicameral representation would ensure diaspora priorities are present in both chambers where laws and budgets are shaped.
A Diaspora Strategy Proposal outlining the seats plan, alongside reforms to enable secure online voter registration and voting, has been drafted and presented to Kenya’s High
Commissioner, Carolyne Kamende Daudi, during a Kenya flag-raising ceremony in Brampton, organisers said.
The organisers, led by Ephraim Mwaura, Executive Chairman of the Kenyan Canadians Association, argue that despite the diaspora’s growing economic significance, Kenyans abroad
remain sidelined in legislative decision-making and cannot elect representatives who understand diaspora realities, including dual citizenship, taxation, investment protection, consular services, labour rights and reintegration support.
They cite diaspora remittances of US$4.95 billion in 2024 as evidence of the community’s contribution, and describe the diaspora as an electoral force of more than one
million potential votes if participation barriers are removed. Organisers frame the agenda as both an equity issue and a development strategy, saying stronger inclusion would
deepen national unity, improve policy responsiveness and strengthen Kenya’s global connections.
The document proposes a proportional method for allocating diaspora seats, guided by diaspora population size, remittance contribution and regional distribution. A sample model lists constituencies aligned to major diaspora clusters including the United States and South America, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Northeast Asia, Southern Africa, Eastern Africa excluding Kenya, North and West Africa, Scandinavia and the Middle East.
The proposal also takes aim at the popular “County 48” concept used to describe the diaspora as Kenya’s 48th county. While acknowledging the phrase captures a real desire for recognition, the organisers argue that replicating county governance structures abroad would be costly, complex and difficult to administer because the diaspora is a transnational constituency rather than a territorial unit.
In remarks attributed in the proposal, Mwaura warns that exporting governors, sub-counties and ward administrators would duplicate systems, inflate costs and complicate accountability. He argues the more feasible route is parliamentary representation—integrating diaspora voices into legislative processes—while relying on existing diplomatic channels such as embassies, consulates and the State Department for Diaspora Affairs to deliver services and coordinate engagement. As a compromise, the proposal suggests “continental-based counties” could each receive a Senate seat if there is resistance to allocating full diaspora Senate representation.
To bolster credibility and ensure representatives reflect diaspora lived experience, the proposal recommends eligibility criteria for candidates including living abroad for at least 10 years, residing within the designated diaspora constituency and holding Kenyan citizenship, with dual citizenship allowed. Candidates would also be expected to demonstrate active ties to Kenya and host countries through community engagement, investment or advocacy, and show community leadership verified through the relevant Kenyan embassy or High Commission.
Organisers say elected diaspora representatives should remain engaged in both Kenya and host countries to enable continuous consultations and direct involvement in the legislative process. To sustain engagement beyond election cycles, the document calls on the State Department for Diaspora Affairs to establish a Diaspora Engagement Forum to provide a structured platform for ongoing dialogue, policy input and coordination among diaspora communities, government institutions and diplomatic missions.
Alongside representation, the strategy targets longstanding barriers to diaspora voting. Although the 2010 Constitution guarantees the right of Kenyans abroad to vote,
diaspora leaders say implementation has remained limited and uneven since diaspora voting began in 2013. Voting has largely been restricted to embassies and consulates and,
in practice, largely to the presidential ballot, leaving diaspora voters unable to influence parliamentary or county contests.
In Canada, organisers say meaningful access only became possible in 2022, nearly a decade after constitutional recognition. Even then, the electoral commission established
only three polling stations—Ottawa and Toronto in Ontario, and Abbotsford in British Columbia—forcing Kenyan Canadians in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Atlantic Canada
to travel long distances at prohibitive cost, sharply reducing turnout.
The proposal cites 2022 participation figures to illustrate the scale of disenfranchisement: only 10,444 diaspora voters registered globally and fewer than 6,000 voted. It also points to identification and registration hurdles including expired passports, lost IDs and limited access to voter services, alongside what organisers describe as inconsistent implementation of reforms meant to broaden identification options and improve access to registration and documentation.
To overcome geography and logistics, the proposal urges the adoption of secure digital voter registration and voting for Kenyans abroad, arguing online systems could expand participation and reduce operational costs if designed with robust verification and auditing safeguards. It suggests blockchain-based approaches as one possible tool for end-to-end verifiability and immutable audit trails, and proposes Canada as an ideal pilot environment because of its vast geography and dispersed diaspora population.
The organisers warn that without enabling legislation—such as amendments to the Elections Act and policy direction empowering IEBC to pilot and roll out digital voting—Kenya risks another cycle of diaspora disenfranchisement in 2027. They also call for expanded voter registration services abroad, streamlined ID and passport renewal processes and voting rights that include all elective positions rather than only the presidency.
The push, however, raises hard political and legal questions that could determine whether it advances beyond advocacy. Creating diaspora constituencies with MPs and Senators would require clarity on how seats are allocated across regions, how boundaries are reviewed as migration patterns change, and whether Kenya expands Parliament or redistributes representation—choices that can quickly trigger constitutional and political disputes. At the same time, the gap between the diaspora’s claimed potential voting
population and the relatively small numbers currently registered and voting gives critics room to argue that the more urgent priority should be practical access reforms before a major redesign of representation.
For now, organisers are directing their recommendations at both government and Parliament, urging a national dialogue involving state institutions, civil society and diaspora stakeholders, a parliamentary process to draft enabling legislation, dedicated resources for diaspora registration and voter education, and collaboration with IEBC to design a voting system that is accessible abroad and includes secure digital options.
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