Protesters picket along Kenyatta Avenue in Nairobi on June 25, 2025 during the commemoration of the 2024 Gen-Z protests.
On June 13, 2024, Kelvin Ndemo quietly uploaded something that would change Kenya forever: the country's first Finance Bill GPT. It seemed like a simple tech project – an AI tool designed to answer questions about the controversial 2024 Finance Bill. But within hours, it had become the weapon that young Kenyans used to outsmart their own government.
What started as one coder's solution to a complex problem became the spark that ignited a digital revolution, forcing politicians to retreat and proving that in the age of artificial intelligence, knowledge really is power.
As Gen Zs marks the anniversary of their June 2024 protests, the nation must reckon with what has and hasn't changed.
The 2024 Finance Bill was a masterpiece of deliberate complexity. Buried in dense legal language and economic jargon, it proposed tax increases that would hit every Kenyan's wallet. But understanding exactly how required wading through pages of technical terminology that seemed designed to confuse rather than inform.
Young Kenyans found themselves in a frustrating position of knowing something was wrong but struggling to articulate exactly what. Questions flooded social media: What does "Eco Levy" actually mean? How much extra will bread cost? Why is there VAT on sanitary pads?
For the government, this confusion was a feature, not a bug. The more complicated the bill seemed, the less likely ordinary citizens were to organise effective opposition. They hadn't counted on Kelvin.
Kelvin, a tech enthusiast who had been experimenting with AI tools, saw an opportunity to level the playing field. Instead of letting politicians hide behind jargon, he would create something that could translate their complex proposals into plain language that everyone could understand.
Working with the full text of the Finance Bill, he trained a custom GPT model to become the ultimate policy explainer. Feed it a question about any aspect of the bill, and it would respond with clear, specific answers about costs, impacts, and implications.
The Finance Bill GPT went live on June 13. The response was immediate and overwhelming.
Within weeks, the AI had answered over 50,000 questions from curious Kenyans. But these weren't just random inquiries – they were the building blocks of understanding that would transform an entire generation into policy experts.
The AI didn't just explain what the bill said; it made the impact personal and specific. It calculated that VAT on bread would add extra shillings to every loaf. It broke down how the Eco Levy would affect everything from cooking oil to mobile phone accessories. It explained why families would pay more for diapers, sanitary pads, and school supplies.
For the first time, young Kenyans could understand exactly how government policy would hit their daily lives.
Rose Njeri gestures during the interview on June 5, 2025 when she spoke about her arrest over a website she created on the Finance Bill 2025.
Armed with AI-generated knowledge, young Kenyans became unstoppable. They took the clear explanations and ran with them, creating content that made complex policy accessible to everyone.
TikTok exploded with videos breaking down tax implications. Creators didn't just translate the bill into local languages – they transformed it, using street-smart explanations that anyone could understand. "Eco Levy" became "tax ya kila kitu" – tax on everything. VAT on bread wasn't just a policy change; it was "unga itakuwa ngumu" – flour will become hard to afford.
The translation strategy was revolutionary because it was inclusive. Young people in Kisumu explained the bill in Luo. Their counterparts in Meru broke it down in Kimeru. Creators made sure that language barriers wouldn't exclude anyone from understanding what was happening.
The movement even extended to Kenyan Sign Language, with young interpreters creating videos that ensured deaf Kenyans could participate in the national conversation.
While Kelvin's AI was educating, other young techies were building tools for action. Rose Njeri, a 35-year-old software developer, saw a frustrated tweet asking for help creating an email platform to send feedback to lawmakers.
Finance Bill Emailer
Her response was simple but powerful: she built the Finance Bill Emailer.
"Someone was like, last year there was this email platform where you could just click and it will send the email to the MPs and the finance committee. So, who can make that for us and I was like yeah let me do it," Rose explained.
The platform was simple. Instead of the tedious process of finding email addresses, crafting messages, and navigating government bureaucracy, users could modify a template message or send a pre-written one directly to the Finance Committee with just a few clicks.
"It was basically a simple, convenient alternative," she said. "Instead of opening Google Docs, copying text, switching to your email, then going back to find the right addresses, everything was built into this platform."
The government's response revealed how much they feared organised digital resistance. Rose was arrested and charged with cybercrime – charges that were later thrown out by a Nairobi court, which ruled they were illegal and disclosed no offence.
"I wanted to put my skills to use," Rose said, denying claims that she had built the site to spam government systems. "The site allows users to modify the subject and content or approve and send it directly to the Finance committee's email. It's a way for people to express agreement or disagreement with the Bill."
Understanding the bill was just the beginning. Young Kenyans turned their knowledge into culture, creating content that made resistance irresistible.
Protesters picket along Kimathi Street in Nairobi on June 25th 2025 during the commemoration of the 2024 Gen-Z protests.
AI music generators were used to compose protest anthems that turned dry legislative details into powerful, shareable songs. TikTok dances incorporated gestures representing different taxes. Instagram artists created infographics showing before-and-after prices for common goods.
The creativity wasn't just about entertainment – it was about making complex information stick. When young people could sing about tax increases or dance about policy changes, the message became unforgettable.
By late June, something unprecedented was happening. Young Kenyans who had never been interested in politics were correcting adults on policy details. University students were explaining tax implications to their professors. Family WhatsApp groups that usually shared memes were sharing detailed breakdowns of government proposals.
The hashtag #RejectFinanceBill2024 dominated social media, but each post was backed by real understanding rather than political rhetoric. When young people took to the streets on June 25, they weren't just protesting – they were armed with AI-generated knowledge that made their arguments unassailable.
On June 26, 2024, President William Ruto announced he would not sign the Finance Bill into law. In an unprecedented move, he cited the need to engage with young Kenyans and address their concerns.
It was a complete government retreat that few had thought possible. Politicians who had seemed untouchable had been brought down by young people with smartphones and AI tools.
What happened with the Finance Bill rewrote the playbook for civic engagement in Kenya. Young people proved that complex policy doesn't have to be intimidating when you have the right tools to decode it.
Kelvin's AI transformed a confused generation into an informed force for change. Rose's emailer showed how technology could remove barriers between citizens and their representatives. The translation efforts proved that political participation doesn't require formal education or fluency in official languages.
Today, the impact extends far beyond that single piece of legislation. Young Kenyans now approach government policy with confidence rather than confusion. They build tools, ask AI, translate for their communities, and organise digitally before taking action.
The Finance Bill GPT may have been deactivated after the bill was withdrawn, but the precedent it set is permanent. Young Kenyans have discovered they can use technology to understand, challenge, and ultimately shape the policies that govern their lives.
"In the digital age, a single coding project can ignite a national conversation and that the most potent form of political power may now be found in the hands of a tech-savvy generation armed with nothing more than their smartphones and a passion for change," as one observer noted.
The Finance Bill protests weren't just about rejecting bad policy – they were about young people discovering their power to decode, explain, and ultimately influence the decisions that affect their futures.
In a country where youth unemployment is high and political frustration runs deep, the movement showed a new path forward. Instead of waiting for change, young Kenyans used AI to create it themselves.
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