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Nairobi pedestrians
Caption for the landscape image:

What the French Revolution teaches Kenya’s middle class

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Pedestrians walking along Tom Mboya Street in Nairobi on November 24, 2020. Kenya’s middle class must decide which story it belongs to. That decision cannot wait for 2027. It must begin now.

Photo credit: Dennis Onsongo | Nation Media Group

In 1789, when the crowds of Paris stormed the Bastille, a royal fortress and prison that had come to symbolise the absolute power of the French monarchy, and brought the old order crashing down, what followed should have been the republic the poor had bled for. Instead, France descended into what became known as the Reign of Terror, during which the revolution consumed its own architects in an orgy of guillotines and paranoia.

Then came the Directory, a corrupt and directionless interregnum. Then Napoleon, who resolved the chaos by abolishing it and installing himself as emperor. It took three additional revolutions, a military defeat, and eighty-two years before France arrived at a durable republic.